Heart Valve Disease
What Is Heart Valve Disease?
Heart valve disease occurs when one or more of the heart’s four valves (aortic, mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary) do not function properly. These valves regulate blood flow through the heart, and any dysfunction can disrupt the normal circulation of blood, causing the heart to work harder. Valve problems may include narrowing (stenosis), leaking (regurgitation), or improper closure (prolapse).
Why do I need treatment for this condition?
Your doctor may recommend evaluation or treatment for heart valve disease if you have:
Shortness of breath, especially with exertion
Fatigue or weakness
Chest pain or palpitations
Swelling in ankles or feet
Heart murmur heard during examination
Prior diagnosis of rheumatic fever or endocarditis
Congenital heart valve abnormalities
Untreated valve disease can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, or even sudden cardiac death, so early diagnosis and management are crucial.
What happens during diagnosis and treatment?
Heart valve disease is diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination and advanced imaging:
Echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart) is the key tool to assess valve structure and function
Additional tests like ECG, chest X-ray, cardiac MRI, or angiography may be done
Treatment depends on severity and type of valve disease and may include:
Medications to manage symptoms and support heart function
Interventional procedures like balloon valvuloplasty
Surgical valve repair or replacement, including minimally invasive or transcatheter options (TAVR/MitraClip)
What might I feel?
Mild discomfort during imaging tests
Fatigue, breathlessness, or chest heaviness with physical activity
If surgery is needed, there will be a recovery period involving rest, rehab, and medication
After valve intervention, most patients experience significant improvement in symptoms and quality of life
What happens after treatment?
Regular follow-up is essential to monitor valve function and heart performance
You may need lifelong medications or anticoagulants, especially if a mechanical valve is used
Lifestyle changes, including heart-healthy diet, exercise, and avoiding infections, are advised
Most patients can return to normal life activities with ongoing care
With proper treatment and monitoring, people with heart valve disease can lead full, active lives.